The composition of ultrasonic transducers
Almost all piezoelectric transducers used for power ultrasound are of the Langevin type, that is, one or more piezoceramics are mechanically compressed (pre-stressed) between a front driver and a rear driver.
Ultrasonic transducers consist mainly of central piezoceramic elements, front and rear metal covers, prestressed bolts, electrode sheets, and insulating tubes, as detailed in the diagram below. Nearly all piezoelectric transducers used for power ultrasound are of the Langevin type, which involves one or more piezoceramic elements being mechanically compressed (pre-stressed) between a front driver and a rear driver.